5 Cell death which includes a genetically programmed process of cell suicide in response to particular signals is called programmed cell death. 3, 4 Cell death typically involves two broadly defined mechanisms: programmed cell death and necrosis ( Figure 1).
1, 2 The unwanted cells removed during the process of metamorphosis, embryogenesis, pathogenesis as well as tissue turnover. The cell proliferation and elimination is necessary to maintain a homeostasis physiological processes in the adult organism. This review focused on the underlying mechanism of apoptosis and the dysregulation of apoptosis modulators involved in the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathway, which include death receptors (DRs) proteins, cellular FLICE inhibitory proteins (c-FLIP), anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), tumor suppressor (p53) in cancer cells along with various current clinical approaches aimed to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells.Ĭell death is an essential process in the development, tissue homeostasis and integrity of multicellular organisms. The understanding of complexities of apoptosis mechanism and how apoptosis is evolved by tumor cells to oppose cell death has focused research into the new strategies designed to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Currently, the development of apoptosis targeting anticancer drugs has gained much interest since cell death induced by apoptosis causes minimal inflammation. Apoptosis plays a crucial role in maintaining a balance between cell death and division, evasion of apoptosis results in the uncontrolled multiplication of cells leading to different diseases such as cancer.
Various physiological processes involve appropriate tissue developmental process and homeostasis - the pathogenesis of several diseases connected with deregulatory apoptosis process.
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